Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Websites
"American Treasures of the Library of Congress." American Treasures of the Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2013 <http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/>.
From this website I got a lot of information about the Emancipation Proclamation. It helped me understand why Lincoln decided to write the Proclamation.
"Firstworldwar.com." First World War.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. <http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/us19thamendment. htm>.
From this website I got the text of the 19th Amendment which was caused because of the 13th Amendment. I put this text on my "A Turning Point" page and bolded the main points of the amendment.
"Home." Our Documents -. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true>.
This website gave me some general, but needed information about when the Amendment was passed and ratified. I used this for my "Ratification" page.
"National Archives and Records Administration." National Archives and Records Administration. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.archives.gov/>.
From this website I got information about the 13th Amendment and the Emancipation Proclamation. They had photos of the documents and links to in depth articles about the documents. This helped my website with its general information.
PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/sources_document5.html>.
This website provided me with the text of the 14th Amendment, which I put on my "A Turning Point" page in my cause and effect chart. I edited the amendment to the main excerpt I wanted, and then bolded the prime point that was in the 14th Amendment.
"Transcript of 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Voting Rights." Our Documents. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=44&page=transcript
From this website I obtained the text of the 15th Amendment, which I used on my "A Turning Point" page because the 13th Amendment led to the 15th Amendment. I bolded the main point of the 15th Amendment which I wanted to get across to viewers.
Images
"Declaration of Independence - Page 2." Declaration of Independence - Page 2. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_zoom_2.html>.
I got the image of the Declaration of Independence from this source. It helps viewers understand what an important document it is, and that the phrase "all men are created equal" is important.
"Out of War, a New Nation." Out of War, a New Nation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013 <http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue /2010/spring/ newnation.html>.
This website provided me with a picture of Fort Sumter. This Fort was attacked by Confederate forces on April 12, 1861. I put this graphic on my "Civil War" page.
"NARA." ARC Timeout. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ShowFullRecordLinked?$searchId=2>.
From this website, I got a photo of William Lloyd Garrison. He was a very vital abolitionist, and I thought that this photo was a good addition to my information about him.
"Seth Kaller, Inc." Seth Kaller, Inc. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.sethkaller.com/>.
This photograph shows the document of the Congressmen's names, voting for or against the 13th Amendment.
"Top Treasures Gallery: American Treasures of the Library of Congress." Top Treasures Gallery: American Treasures of the Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. <http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tr00.html>.
All images of the drafts of the Emancipation Proclamation came from this site. This helped me understand the long process it took to write and think over this proclamation on the part of President Lincoln.
Secondary Sources
Books
Davidson, James West. The American Nation. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2005. Print.
From this book I got information about the Civil War, how many people served and died, and about blacks fighting for the Union.
Naden, Corinne J. and Blue, Rose. Why Fight? Austin, Texas: Raintree Steck-Vaughn Publishers, 2000. Print.
From this book I got many quotes and learned about the cause of the Civil War. Therefore, it helped me with my "Slavery" and "State's Rights" pages.
Ollhoff, Jim. The Civil War: Slavery. North Mankato, Minnesota: ABDO Publishing Company, 2012. Print.
This book provided me with information about the horrors of slavery, and about Charles Sumner getting attacked.
Sheinkin, Steve. Two Miserable Presidents: Everything Your Schoolbooks Didn't Tell You about the Civil War. New York: Roaring Brook, 2008. Print.
This book is a novel form about everything that lead up to the Civil War and the passing of the 13th Amendment. It helped me have a greater knowledge of what happened before the 13th Amendment. It also provided me with many quotes.
Smith, Carter. Prelude to War. Brookfield, Connecticut: The Millbrook Press, 1993. Print.
In this book I read about cotton production, slavery, and state's rights. This book helped me with my "The Problem Begins" section.
Stahr, Walter. Seward: Lincoln's Indispensable Man. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012. Print.
This book provided me with information about how the Republicans got two-thirds majority to vote for the 13th amendment.
Young, Robert. The Emancipation Proclamation. New York, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1994. Print.
From this book I learned about the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, the proclamation that Lincoln wrote to warn Southern states that he would set their slaves free. When they ignored him, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
Websites
"19th Century Quotes on Federalism and States' Rights." Intellectual Takeout (ITO). N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.intellectualtakeout.org/content/19th-century-quotes-federalism-and-states-rights>.
From this website, I got a Lincoln quote and put it on my "State's Rights" page. I think it proves that the Constitution (therefore the Founding Fathers) did not want the states to have a large amount of power, or State's Rights.
"Aboard a Slave Ship, 1829." Aboard a Slave Ship, 1829. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/slaveship.htm>.
From this source, I learned about the cruelty that the slaves were forced to endure on the slave ships getting transported to the Americas.
"Abolitionist Movement." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.history.com/topics/abolitionist-movement>.
This source provided me with information about the Abolitionist Movement which was very important to persuading congressmen to vote for the 13th Amendment.
"American Revolution and Founding Era." : "All Men Are Created Equal" and Slavery: What Did Thomas Jefferson Mean by 'All Men Are Created Equal'? N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://americanfounding.blogspot.com/2010/08/all-men-are-created-equal-and-slavery.html>.
From this website, I read another person's point of view about what Thomas Jefferson meant when he said "all men are created equal." This helped me form my own opinion about Jefferson.
Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.biography.com/>.
From this website, I got information about William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Thaddeus Stevens. They were all vital abolitionists who helped enflame hatred of slavery in the North.
"Civil War Trust." : Saving America's Civil War Battlefields. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2013. <http://www.civilwar.org/>.
This website provided me with information about the Battle of Appomattox. The battle occurred on April 9, 1865 and was the last battle before General Lee surrendered to General Grant.
"Frederick Douglass Quotes." Frederick Douglass Quotes (Author of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass). N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2013. <http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/18943.Frederick_Douglass?page=2>.
This website supplied me with a useful quote by Frederick Douglass. I put it on my "A Turning Point" page because it described a former American slave realizing that slavery and the 13th Amendment was the future of America.
"Frederick Douglass Quotes." Think Exist. N.p., 1999. Web. 11 Apr. 2013.
From this site I got a quote by Frederick Douglass that I put on my "Dealing With Slavery" page. He explains how sometimes he observes America as a beautiful country, and then remembers that it is cursed with the horrors of slavery.
"New York State Library." Transcription: Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation:. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/ep/transcript.htm>.
From this website, I read a transcription of the Emancipation Proclamation, and put an excerpt of it on my "Emancipation Proclamation" page.
"Quotations on Slavery and Emancipation." Thomas Jeffersons Monticello Blog RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/quotations-slavery-and-emancipation>.
From this website, I got a quote from Thomas Jefferson which I put on my "The Problem Begins" page. This helped me understand his view of slavery better.
"Slavery in America." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.history.com/topics/slavery>.
This website informed me about the history of slavery in America which I then put on my "Slavery" page.
"Thaddeus Stevens Society." Thaddeus Stevens Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. <http://thaddeusstevenssociety.com/>.
From this website I obtained a quote from Thaddeus Stevens and put it on my "Dealing With Slavery" page. It shows Stevens' strong belief for ending slavery.
Walenta, Craig. "Ratification of Constitutional Amendments." U. S. Constitution. Steve Mount, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2013.
This website provided me with information on the ratification of the 13th Amendment. I put this information on my "Ratification" page.
Images
"Ancestors In a Little Blue and a Lot of Gray." Ancestors In a Little Blue and a Lot of Gray. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2013. <http://blueandgrayancestors.blogspot.com/>.
From this source I acquired a picture of General Robert Lee surrendering to General Ulysses Grant at the Appomattox Parlor after the battle of Appomattox.
"Blacks Voting During Reconstruction." Blacks Voting During Reconstruction. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/gastudiesimages/Blacks Voting During Reconstruction 2.htm>.
From this website I got an image of black men voting and used it on my cause and effect chart on my "A Turning Point" page. This shows the effects of the 15th Amendment.
"The Bloomin' Muslimah." The Bloomin' Muslimah. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2013. <http://thebloominmuslimah.blogspot.com/>.
From this source I got a picture of a slave being whipped for the slideshow on the "Home" page. I used this for my "Home" page because it was a good image to introduce the horrors of slavery at the beginning of the site.
"Civil War Black Soldiers." Black Soldiers, Robert Gould Shaw, 54th Massachusetts. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.civilwaracademy.com/civil-war-black-soldiers.html>.
This photograph is of a group of black men who fought for the Union. I thought this was important because it greatly impacted the outcome of the war.
"Civil War Soldiers Letters and Diaries Archive." Civil War Soldiers Letters and Diaries Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. <http://www.soldierstudies.org/>.
From this website, I got a painting of a Union and Confederate soldier fighting. I put this in my slideshow on my "Home" page. It shows the brutality of the Civil War.
"Congress, Politics, Books and American History." C-SPAN. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Apr. 2013. <http://www.c-span.org/Events/QampA-with-Walter-Stahr>.
From this website, I obtained a photograph of the historian I interviewed, Walter Stahr. He wrote the book Seward: Lincoln's Indispensable Man.
"The Cotton Gin Patent." About.com Inventors. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/ss/patent_X72_5.htm>.
This website provided me with a good picture of a cotton gin. The cotton gin was important because it greatly increased the need for slaves. People recognized that with the help of this new invention, they could easily process lots of cotton. Therefore, they expanded their farms, but needed more slaves to pick the cotton.
"Dropping Technorati Rankings." TheDuaneStorey Dropping Technorati Rankings Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.duanestorey.com/uncategorized/dropping-technorati-rankings/>.
This is an arrow used in my "A Turning Point" page. This was used to show the cause and effect of the 13th Amendment.
"Eli Whitney Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.biography.com/people/eli-whitney-9530201>.
From this source I obtained a picture of the inventor Eli Whitney. He invented the cotton gin, which increased the need for slaves.
"First Boston Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation." Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.ma150.org/day-by-day/1863-01-01/first-boston-reading-emancipation-proclamation>.
From this source I got the painting of Lincoln first reading his Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet. I used this picture on all my research pages, and on my "Emancipation Proclamation" page.
"History Comes Alive in 'Seward: Lincoln's Indispensable Man,' by Walter Stahr."Dallas-Fort Worth News, Sports, Entertainment, Weather and Traffic. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. <http://www.dallasnews.com/entertainment/books/20120914-history-comes-alive-in-seward-lincolns-indispensable-man-by-walter-stahr.ece?ssimg=713690>.
This online newspaper provided me with a photograph of Walter Stahr's book, Seward: Lincoln's Indispensable Man which I put on my "Interview Transcript" page.
"The Liberator Newspaper." Antislavery Rhetoric of the 18th and 19th Centuries in America. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://kmargaryan.wordpress.com/2011/12/03/the-liberator-newspaper/>.
From this source, I got a photograph of William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper, The Liberator. His newspaper significant in the abolitionist world and affected the people's opinions on slavery.
"Main Page." Wikimedia Commons. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page>.
From this source I got a photo of Thomas Jefferson, John Brown, and Fredrick Douglass. These photos were all public domain, because all the photographers died more than 100 years ago.
"Movie Review: Lincoln." CaryCitizen. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. <http://carycitizen.com/2012/12/10/movie-review-lincoln/>.
From this website I got a picture of the movie Lincoln, which is a documentary of Lincoln striving to pass the 13th Amendment.
"Mr. Lincoln's White House." Mr. Lincoln's White House. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. <http://www.mrlincolnswhitehouse.org/>.
This website provided me with a photograph of William Seward, Lincoln's Secretary of State. Though I did not explain in detail about him, I though it was important to include him. He was vital to the passing of the Thirteenth Amendment because he helped greatly with lobbying for the amendment.
"Original Intent of the 14th Amendment." The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.14thamendment.us/birthright_citizenship/original_intent.html>.
This shows a black man celebrating his freedom. This shows how blacks were affected because of the 13th Amendment.
"Runaway Slaves." - Ohio History Central. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=626>.
This is a graphic of a slave running away. Many slaves attempted running away and were helped with the Underground Railroad.
"Slaves Picking Cotton." Slaves Picking Cotton. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/gastudiesimages/Slaves Picking Cotton 1.htm>.
From this website about Georgia history, I got a picture of slaves picking cotton. This showed how much the South needed their slaves because cotton was a big industry and was needed for the economic survival of the South.
"Spartacus Educational." Spartacus Educational. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASsumner.htm>.
This source provided me with a graphic of Charles Sumner getting attacked by Preston Brooks. This picture is important because it shows that people were very enraged by the issue of slavery, and even got in fist fights about it.
"'Speculum Orum,' M. Lamar's New Video, Grapples With Black/White Relationships and Confronting History (VIDEO) | Kulture Kritic." Kulture Kritic. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.kulturekritic.com/2013/02/news/speculum-orum-m-lamars-new-video-grapples-with-blackwhite-relationships-and-confronting-history-video/>.
This source provided me with a picture of a black person and white person shaking hands. Though the whites probably did not adjust so quickly to the blacks, it does show that the 14th Amendment declares equal citizenship.
"ThisNation.com--Amending the Constitution." ThisNation.com--Amending the Constitution. N.p., 07 Apr. 2013. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. <http://www.thisnation.com/textbook/constitution-amend.html>.
This chart shoes how amendments are made to the U. S. Constitution. I believe this helps the viewer understand the process that the Thirteenth Amendment had to undergo to get ratified.
Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.wikipedia.org/>.
From this website I got a secession map that showed which states had seceded from the Union and when.
"Wooing The Female Vote With Family Values (Part 2)." N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://latinosreadytovote.com/wooing-the-female-vote-with-family-values-part-2/>.
From this website I got a picture of a woman voting. I used this for my cause and effect chart on my "A Turning Point" page because this shows the effects of the 19th Amendment.
Audio
PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/brown/sfeature/song.html>.
From this site, I downloaded the song "John Brown's Body" song to my website. I think this is a good addition to my "Abolitionists" page, because I talk about John Brown, and this song is something that is remembered about him.
Videos
"American Adventures." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/user/atlantis71?feature=watch>.
This video shows that Lincoln really wanted to free the slaves and would do it through the Emancipation Proclamation, and later through the 13th Amendment.
"American Experience." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/user/AmericanExperience?feature=watch>.
This video showed William Lloyd Garrison, and gave a quick over view of his wishes to end slavery and do something important in the world.
"Frederick Douglass Video." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.history.com/topics/frederick-douglass/videos>.
This video shows how Frederick Douglass escaped from slavery, and was very willing to fight with the abolitionists.
"National Geographic Home Page." National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.nationalgeographic.com/>.
This video shows that Lincoln "redefined the war." By issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, the war was not totally about state's rights anymore. The Union soldiers were then fighting for slavery.
Go to "Process Paper" page